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呵呵，我们老师刚教过，给你看看吧：
The summary Definition The summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. Give the gist of the author’s exact and essential meaning. A summary should not contain any interpretation or comment. Uses of summary writing (1) improving reading comprehension Requires carefully reading Concentration of attention (2) good for composition writing. express one’s thought clearly, concisely. (3) Practical uses for scientists, businessmen, lawyers etc. Procedures (1) reading 1) Read the passage through to get the gist. 2) Give a title to your summary. Topic sentence at the beginning/ end of the passage. 3) Decide important points. 4) take down main points- the subject, title, and important details. (2) writing 1) length. Summary be 1/4~1/3 the length of the original. 2) your own words, instead of a patchwork from the original. 3) follow the logical order of the original. 4) self-contained, fully and clearly convey the message of the original. 5)compression: - omit the details. - reduce the examples. - simplify the descriptions. - eliminate all repetitions. - compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words. e.g. They acted in a manner that rendered them liable to prosecution. → They acted illegally. - use general words instead of specific words. - use the shortest possible transitions. For example, but, then, thus, yet and for. - put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech. (3) revision Revise your draft. Compare it with the original and make sure- it has all the important points it doesn’t have unnecessary words or phrases. the language is simple and direct. it has no mistakes in spelling, grammar, punctuation. |
