[已解决问题] 一个语言学问题
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di·glos·si·a : A sociolinguistic phenomenon in which complementary social functions are distributed between a prestigious or formal variety and a common or colloquial variety of a language, as in Greek, Tamil, or Scottish English.
It is important to note from the outset that "diglossia" and "bilingualism/multilingualism" refer to different, although similar, sociolinguistic situations. Diglossia is the term usually applied to the sociolinguistic situation in much of the Arabic-speaking world. In these countries, there are two FORMS OF THE SAME LANGUAGE (conventionally called "High" and "Low") that are used in different situations. The "High" form (called "Modern Standard Arabic") is normally used in FORMAL situations, such as writing, political speeches, university lectures, television news, etc. The "Low" form (referred to as "dialects," such as Cairene, Levantine, etc.) is used in INFORMAL situations, such as conversations, etc. It is useful to think of the language situation as it applies to Arabic as being on a continuum. At one end of this continuum is the "High" form, i.e., Modern Standard Arabic, and at the other lies the "Low" form, i.e., the various dialects. A person's place on this continuum would most likely be somewhere between these two poles, for it is unlikely that they would use pure Modern Standard or a colloquial in a given setting. The choice on which form, or code, to use would depend on many factors, including speaker, conversation topic, and setting.
On the other hand, bilingualism is the term more conventionally used to describe the sociolinguistic situation in Belgium and Switzerland (multilingualism for Switzerland's 4 languages). The key difference is that in a bilingual situation certain INDIVIDUALS (communities, etc.) will use Language A, while other INDIVIDUALS (communities, etc.) will use Language B, but EVERYONE will use the SAME LANGUAGE for all situations -- writing, job interviews, dinner table chats, etc. That's the IDEAL. In practice, it gets much messier, and it is best to think of these terms as representing ends of a continuum--actual societies fit somewhere along connecting these two poles. In the American Southwest, for instance, Spanish and English coexist in a situation of bilingualism, but there are some important diglossic elements: in many cases English is used for high-prestige, formal contexts of speech, while Spanish is used primarily in the home, in conversations among good friends, etc. Spanish thus becomes the "Low" form and English the "High" form.
提问者对于答案的评价：thanks
It is important to note from the outset that "diglossia" and "bilingualism/multilingualism" refer to different, although similar, sociolinguistic situations. Diglossia is the term usually applied to the sociolinguistic situation in much of the Arabic-speaking world. In these countries, there are two FORMS OF THE SAME LANGUAGE (conventionally called "High" and "Low") that are used in different situations. The "High" form (called "Modern Standard Arabic") is normally used in FORMAL situations, such as writing, political speeches, university lectures, television news, etc. The "Low" form (referred to as "dialects," such as Cairene, Levantine, etc.) is used in INFORMAL situations, such as conversations, etc. It is useful to think of the language situation as it applies to Arabic as being on a continuum. At one end of this continuum is the "High" form, i.e., Modern Standard Arabic, and at the other lies the "Low" form, i.e., the various dialects. A person's place on this continuum would most likely be somewhere between these two poles, for it is unlikely that they would use pure Modern Standard or a colloquial in a given setting. The choice on which form, or code, to use would depend on many factors, including speaker, conversation topic, and setting.
On the other hand, bilingualism is the term more conventionally used to describe the sociolinguistic situation in Belgium and Switzerland (multilingualism for Switzerland's 4 languages). The key difference is that in a bilingual situation certain INDIVIDUALS (communities, etc.) will use Language A, while other INDIVIDUALS (communities, etc.) will use Language B, but EVERYONE will use the SAME LANGUAGE for all situations -- writing, job interviews, dinner table chats, etc. That's the IDEAL. In practice, it gets much messier, and it is best to think of these terms as representing ends of a continuum--actual societies fit somewhere along connecting these two poles. In the American Southwest, for instance, Spanish and English coexist in a situation of bilingualism, but there are some important diglossic elements: in many cases English is used for high-prestige, formal contexts of speech, while Spanish is used primarily in the home, in conversations among good friends, etc. Spanish thus becomes the "Low" form and English the "High" form.
2007-12-4 15:42:39
回答者：picky_zhu
提问者对于答案的评价：thanks
其它回答(3)
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http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4adccdb001000ble.html 以上回答充分了，我就补充一些浅显的。 1:diglossia ，n.使用两种语言或方言，说2种语言co-exist与一个speech community中，而每种都有特殊的范围社会功能等。举个简单的例子，就好象中国有 文言文和白话文。diglossia is not a universal phenomenon. It is found in many counties and mostly in Arabic-speaking countries. 2:bilingual ,adj.能说两种语言的,指a linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers.一般移民或移民后裔多的地方很普遍。举个例子，加拿大 就是 a typical example of offical bilingualism,法语和英语都是官方语言。再比如芬兰，芬兰语和瑞典语都是官方语言；比利时，法语、佛兰德语……一个bilingual speaker会用2种语言，举个例子，2个中英的bilibgual speaker 在纽约的Chinatown(这就是一个典型的bilingual community)谈生意，他们可能就会时中时英。 分别就在例子中找到吧。希望还能有更多更清楚的解释和例子。 我们可以一句话就可以来区别这两个词的区别 bilingualism 是指你能讲两国语言,例如英语和法语 diglossia是指你能讲两种地方方言,例如粤语和四川话 |
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