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These problems can be avoided by applying three simple rules to any syllogism. The first rule concerns negatives, like "no" and "not."

1. If the conclusion is a negative claim, one (but not both) of the premises must be a negative claim; if the conclusion is not a negative claim, neither of the premises can be negative.
The next two rules concern what is usually called a distributed term, but which is exactly what we have been calling a universal term elsewhere: that is, a term which is qualified by the equivalent of "all" or "none."
2. If a term is distributed in the conclusion, it must be distributed in one of the premises.
3. The "middle term," the term repeated in each of the premises, must be distributed in at least one of the premises.
The table below identifies which terms are distributed, or universal, in the four possible claims, and which of the claims are negative.

All A are B.               A, but not B.   Positive
No A is B.                 Both A and B. Negative
Some A are B.          Neither A nor B. Positive
Some A are not B.    B, but not A.   Negative

In general, only terms with "all," "no," or "not" in front of them are distributed. The exception is the claim "No A is B," where both A and B are distributed. One way to understand this is to remember that "No A is B" is equivalent to "No B is A"; since both terms can have the "no" in front of them, they both must be distributed.

关于三段论，第一条没有太大问题，特别晕第2，3条，distribute这里是什么意思?, middle term也不太理解，这里premise-conclusion之间否定肯定的关系我也很糊涂，请NN点拨一二，我实在看得头晕，多谢了。

问题补充：All A are B.,   A, but not B.   Positive
No A is B.,    Both A and B.  Negative
Some A are B.,    Neither A nor B.  Positive
Some A are not B.,    B, but not A.  Negative

这个排版我总也排不好，是横着排开的，希望没有增加误解。

晕，谢谢cuhk这么快回答我，我觉得我不是翻译的问题，我是理解有问题..汗死，笨死我了..我原来试着看过一次中文逻辑简论，觉得比英文的解释看了更晕，55555. 我快考试了，也没有时间再去看大本的书。

Thanks lots,cuhk. Appreciate your kindness so much. My problem is locked at the so-called negative distribution.  But perhaps it is hard for me to express my confusion clearly. ~~T_T~~ Sorry for the boring question.
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清晰一些了，
All A are B~ A, but no B   Positive
No A is B~ Both A and B   Negative
Some A are B~ Neither A nor B  Positive
Some A are not B~ B, but not A  Negative
这个转换还不是很明白，不好意思，太笨了，逻辑思路不清晰.
Positive是指原命题? Negative是指否命题的意思吧?

考得都不是，但是觉得把这个想清楚有利于我分析题目，但愿磨刀不误砍柴功:)谢谢。