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China and Japan
Blossoming
May 8th 2008 | BEIJING AND TOKYO
From The Economist print edition
译者: stier
But ties between Asia's two biggest powers remain delicate
但是，亚洲两个最强大国家之间的关系依然微妙。
FIRST came the “ice-breaking”, then the “ice-melting”. Now, Hu Jintao hopes, comes “everlasting warm spring”. A series of reciprocal visits over the past 20 months by the leaders of China and Japan have brought a thaw in bilateral relations. On May 6th Mr Hu, China's president, began a state visit, China's first to Japan in a decade; at five days, it will also be Mr Hu's longest single foray to any country. The next day he and Japan's prime minister, Yasuo Fukuda, signed a blueprint for ties that represented a “new starting-point”, with regular top-level visits in future and both military and cultural exchanges.
先是“破冰”，再是“融冰”。现在，胡锦涛希望，两国关系能迎来一个“长久的暖春”。近20个月以来，在中日领导人互访的带动下，两国关系有所缓和。5月6日，中国国家主席胡锦涛开始对日本进行国事访问，这是十年来，中国领导人第一次出访日本；5天的行程，是胡锦涛最长的一次对单一国家访问。第二天，胡锦涛与日本首相福田康夫签署了一份蓝皮书（《中日关于全面推进战略互惠关系的联合声明》），表示今后将定期进行高层互访以及军事和文化方面的交流，这代表着两国关系的“新起点”。
The latest freeze began in 1998, when Mr Hu's predecessor, Jiang Zemin, came to Tokyo demanding a lavish written apology for Japan's wartime past. A growing number of Japanese had come to feel that their country had apologised enough for its wartime brutality. Besides, they resented the way a rising China played on war-guilt to extract concessions from its rich neighbour. Relations hit rock bottom under Junichiro Koizumi, Japan's prime minister from 2001-06. Top-level contacts between the two countries were suspended after Mr Koizumi began making devil-may-care visits to Yasukuni, the Tokyo shrine that honours not just Japan's war dead but also executed war criminals.
最近的一次两国关系僵化始于1998年，当时，胡锦涛的前任江泽民要求在京要求日本对战时问题发表一份洋洋洒洒的书面道歉。越来越多的日本民众认为，他们的国家已经为其战时的罪行道歉得够多了。此外，日本民众反感崛起中的中国对战争罪行采取的方式，榨取日本这个富有邻国的让步。2001年至2006年，小泉纯一郎担任日本首相，两国关系在此期间进入冰冻局面。当小泉不顾一切的拜访靖国神社之后，两国首脑互访中断。神社中不仅供奉着战死的日本军人，还敬奉着日本战犯。
Mr Koizumi's successor, Shinzo Abe, a right-wing hawk, nevertheless broke with Mr Koizumi's line by visiting Beijing as his first gesture in office. He refrained from visiting Yasukuni. The Chinese were grateful. They were overjoyed when Mr Fukuda took over after a year. He enjoys that double-edged accolade of being a “friend of China”. He has long criticised politicians' visits to Yasukuni and believes that good relations with Japan's Asian neighbours are paramount.
小泉的继任者安倍晋三是一名右翼鹰派，他上任后第一站便出访北京，打破了小泉以来的坚冰。同时，他拒绝拜访靖国神社的做法，也赢得了中国方面的赞赏。一年后，福田康夫上台后的举动让中国方面欣喜若狂。福田很享受作为“中国人的朋友”而获得的双方的赞誉。长期以来，他都批评政界人士拜访靖国神社的行为，他认为日本同亚洲邻国建立起良好的关系是至关重要的。
Mr Hu and Mr Fukuda had plenty to talk about. China has overtaken America as Japan' s biggest trading partner. China is hungry for know-how, and Japan thinks it can be of particular help in providing environmental technology—after all, Chinese pollution reaches Japan. For Mr Fukuda, whose domestic standing is shaky, a big prize would be a Chinese commitment to tackle climate change, a big theme at the G8 summit, which Japan will host in July. As for Mr Hu, he will be thankful if his visit passes without strong protests over Tibet.
胡主席和福田首相谈了很多。中国已经超过美国，成为日本第一大贸易伙伴。中方渴望技术，日方认为自己可以在环保技术方面提供一定的帮助——毕竟，中国的污染问题已经影响到了日本。尽管福田在国内的支持率降至新低，但是这次中方托付日方解决环境变化问题却是送给福田的一份大礼。今年7月，日本将主办8国首脑会议，而环境变化将是本次会议的重要议题。对于胡主席来说，他将会对访问期间没有遇到关于西藏问题的强烈抗议表示感谢。
As the two leaders discussed a panda to replace Ling Ling, who died at Tokyo's Ueno Zoo last week, they stressed improved relations. For instance, the two countries' armies have embarked on confidence-building measures such as port calls by naval ships. Elsewhere, diplomats point to the way a food scare in Japan earlier this year over tainted Chinese dumplings was handled calmly by the authorities on both sides, even as Japan's mass media whipped up hysteria.
双方领导人还对大熊猫的问题进行了商讨，日方希望中方提供一只大熊猫，以代替上周在东京上野动物园去世的熊猫“陵陵”。同时，双方还强调了其他方面的合作。例如，两国军队在基于相互信任的基础上开展海军舰艇互访活动。此外，外交官还特别指出，今年早些时候，由于中国进口水饺被污染而引起了日本国内的恐慌，尽管日本媒体煽风点火，但是双方当局还是冷静地处理了此事，这种解决问题的方式值得发扬。
Disputes remain, however. One of the biggest is over gasfields in the East China Sea. Despite four official rounds of negotiations, the two countries have failed to reach agreement on joint development, thanks to touchiness about sovereignty. Originally, Mr Hu's visit was to be the occasion for a deal. Still, an enforced bonhomie has set the tone for this visit, with Mr Hu planning a spot of convivial ping-pong. Not long ago comments by China's leaders, thundering editorials and crude films about the second world war did much to stoke anti-Japanese nationalism—violent street protests broke out in 2005, and in 2004 Chinese football fans went on the rampage after their team was beaten by Japan. Now, China wants to tamp such nationalism down. Anti-Japan behaviour at the Olympics would be a disaster.
不过，争议依然存在。争议之一便是东海气田问题。尽管双方进行了四轮磋商，但是由于涉及主权问题，两国仍未就共同开发达成一致。本来，胡的这次出访是达成共识的良好契机。胡计划中快乐的“乒乓外交”已经为本次出访奠定了温和的基调。就在不久之前，中国领导人的言论，激烈的社论以及以反映二战为主的影片还在中国国内激起了反日民族主义高潮——2005年爆发了激烈的街头示威游行；2004年，中国国家足球队被日本队击败之后，中国球迷也做出了不理智的举动。现在，中国希望压制民族主义。奥运期间的反日活动也将是一场灾难。
It may come as a relief to both sides that, according to Horizon Research, a polling outfit, the attitudes of urban Chinese are turning more positive towards Japan. A growing number think historical differences should be set aside. But it will take a lot more ping-pong to erase the impression of many Japanese that they are loathed in China more than they are admired.
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根据零点调查的数据显示，中国城市民众对日本的态度正在向积极的方面转变，这样的结果对于双方来说都是一种安慰。越来越多的人认为应该将历史分歧搁置一旁。但是，在消除大多数日本民众对于中国的抵触情绪方面，这场“乒乓”还要持续更多回合。
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