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hj_美丽人生: 自学第二天
第二天：高级口译教程第１５课：国际关系（International Relations）
一、 原文：
值此联合国成立60周年之际，我们有必要在讨论国际关系的同时，回顾一下联合国这个世界组织所走过的道路，探讨联合国的未来。于1945年形成并予采纳的联合国宪章，以及此后为实践这个宪章所做出的努力，使我们能够从更好的角度对联合国有一个更清楚的认识。
联合国以这些内容作为自己的崇高宗旨：维护世界和平与安全，在尊重权利平等和人民自决的基础上发展国与国之间的友好关系，在解决经济、社会、文化或人道等国际问题时争取国际合作，成为调解国家行为的中枢。
联合国还有一些合理的原则，即所有成员国之间主权平等，用和平手段解决国际争端，在国际事务中不以武力威胁或不诉诸武力干预一个国家的领土完整或政治独立，不干涉任何国家的内部事务。这些原则是国际关系中主权国家应遵循的最起码的行为准则。
冷战结束后的联合国起着越来越重要的作用。联合国地位的上升部分是因为安理会摆脱了冷战期间因美苏对抗而陷入的瘫痪状态，当时两个超级大国各自使用自己的否决权来反对对方，致使安理会无所作为。
西方世界通发展中国家一样也发现它需要联合国以达到自己的目的。此外，包括反恐、核武器扩散、人口快速增长、日益恶化的环境、自然灾害、传染病爆发、吸毒以及难民在内的许多全球性问题要求整个国际社会共同努力，携手寻求解决问题的方法。
然而，联合国面临着一系列棘手的问题。其中的一个问题是，联合国如何在着手解决日益增多的国家内部冲突的同时尊重那些国家的主权。在许多情况下，区域性的组织无法解决地区冲突。在冷战期间，联合国维和部队有两大使命，即缓解冲突和贯彻有关各方之间达成的协议。而现在维持和平变成了强制和平。联合国从处理国际争端变成了干预国内事务的组织。更有甚者，为何并非得到有关国家的同意。
这个世界组织另一个问题是如何处理联合国与区域性组织之间的关系。根据联合国宪章，区域性组织可以在联合国宪章以及联合国的协调下发挥作用。而如今像北约这样的区域习惯组织在地区冲突中却起着比联合国更为重要的作用。
我们必须认识到，当今世界的文化纷然杂陈、丰富多彩。这是人类的财富，绝非负担。这一特征反映在人权的各个方面，如民权、政治权、经济权、社会权和文化权。如果我们尊重文化的多样性，宽容忍让，和睦相处，这个世界会变得更美好。
处理国与国的关系应超越社会制度和意识形态的差异，努力寻求共同利益的汇合点，不能用一种政治制度和发展模式去规范世界。我们希望联合国成为国际协调的中心。我们要求联合国发挥更强有力的作用，以对话和协商的方式协调文化关系，抵制任何企图以施加政治压力的手段来建立一个单一的文化世界的行为。
此外，应该通过国际社会的共同努力，确立有利于世界和平与稳定，有利于各国和平发展的安全机制，任何国家都不能把自己的所谓安全建立在损害他国安全利益的基础上。应通过对话增进信任，通过合作谋求安全，通过和平手段解决争端。
联合国应抓住改革带来的机遇，迎接新挑战。我们真诚的希望联合国在其所有成员国的坚定支持和密切合作下，在处理国际问题时变得更为公正，更有理性，更有效率，为建设一个更美好的世界做出更大的贡献。
二、 词组：
1、 值此…之际：on the occasion of
2、 回顾过去：review the past
3、 探讨未来：explore the future
4、 形成：formulation
5、 采纳：adoption
6、 从更好的角度：in a better light
7、 更清楚地认识：a clearer perception of
8、 人民自决：self-determination of the people
9、 中枢：center
10、 人道：humanism
11、 主权平等：sovereign equality
12、 成员国：member states
13、 武力威胁：threat of force
14、 诉诸武力：use of force
15、 政治独立：political independence
16、 不干涉：non-intervention in
17、 行为准则：code of conduct
18、 摆脱瘫痪状态：recover from the paralysis
19、 超级大国：superpower
20、 否决权：veto right
21、 美苏对抗：the U.S.-Soviet rivalry
22、 传染病爆发：the epidemic of communicable diseases
23、 难民：refugee
24、 棘手的问题：tough challenge
25、 维和部队：peace-keeping forces
26、 缓解冲突：buffer conflicts
27、 贯彻协议：implement agreements
28、 强制和平：peace-enforcement
29、 更有甚者：furthermore
30、 调和，协调：coordination
31、 超越：transcend
32、 意识形态：ideology
33、 汇合点：convergence
34、 单一的：mono-
35、 所谓的：so-called
36、 迎接新挑战：meet the new challenges
37、 在…的坚定支持和密切合作下：under the firm support and close cooperation of
38、 更美好的世界：a better world
39、 作出更大的贡献：contribute more to
三、 翻译：
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, it is necessary, in our discussion of the international relations, to review the past and explore the future mission of this world organization. Thanks to the formulation and adoption of the UN Charter in 1945 and the subsequent efforts to put the Charter into practice, we have a clearer perception of the UN in a better light.
The United Nations holds these as its lofty purposes: to maintain world peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations based on the principle of equal rights and self-determination of people; to achieve international cooperation in international problems of economy, social, culture or humanism; to function as the center for harmonizing the actions of nations.
The United Nations also commits itself to a number of sound principles, namely, sovereign equality among its member states; settlement of international disputes by peaceful means; refraining in international affairs from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state and non-intervention in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state. These represent the minimum code of conduct to be held by sovereign states in international relations.
The role of the UN has gained increasing importance after the end of the Cold War. The increasing prestige is due in part to the fact that the Security Council has recovered from the paralysis which resulted from the U.S.-Soviet rivalry during the Cold War, a period when the two superpowers used their veto rights against each other, which incapacitating the Security Council.
The West, as well as the developing world, has discovered that it also needs the UN to achieve its objectives. In addition, many global problems, such as anti-terrorism, proliferation of the nuclear weapons, rapid population increase, the worsening environment, natural disasters, the epidemic of communicable diseases, drugs and refugees, call for the entire international community to pool their efforts to find solutions.
However, the UN faces a serious of tough challenges. One such challenge concerns the way in which the UN maintains its respect for state sovereignty while dealing with an increasing number of internal conflicts. In many cases, regional organizations can not resolve regional conflicts. In the Cold War era, the UN peace-keeping forces had two missions: to buffer conflicts and implement agreements already reached among the parties. But now, peace-keeping has turned into peace-enforcement. The UN has turned from handling international disputes into meddling in domestic affairs.
Another problem facing this world organization is how to better handle relations between itself and regional organizations. According to the UN Charter, regional organizations can play a role within the charter and under the UN coordination. But regional organizations such as NATO are playing a more important role than the UN in regional conflicts.
We must recognize that the culture of today’s world is manifold, diverse and colorful. This should be an asset rather than debt of humanity. It permeates all aspects of human rights, whether civil, political, economic, social and cultural. This world would be much better place to live if we respect cultural diversity, practice tolerance and live in peace with one another.
It is essential to transcend the differences in social system and ideology in handling state-to-state relations, work hard to seek convergence of common interests, rather than model the world after one political system and development mode. We hope that the UN will truly become a center to harmonizing actions of nations. We call for strong efforts of the UN to harmonize the cultural relations through dialogues and consultations, as well as to resist any attempt to build a mono-cultural world by means of political pressure and coercion.
In addition, a security mechanism conducive to world peace and stability and to peaceful development of all countries should be established through the concerted development of the international community. Under this mechanism, no country should be allowed to build its own so-called security at the expense of the security interests of other countries. It is essential to build confidence through dialogue, seek security through cooperation, and settle disputes through peaceful means.
The United Nations should take the opportunities opened up by its reform program to meet the new challenges. We sincerely hope that under the firm support and close cooperation of its membership, a more just, reasonable and effective UN will emerge to tackle international issues and contribute more to the building of a better world.
和平共处五项原则：
互相尊重主权与领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处
The Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence:
mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence
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hj_美丽人生: 第一天
第二天：高级口译教程第１５课：国际关系（International Relations）
一、原文：
主席先生、各位同事、各位代表、女士们、先生们：
在这个庄严而重要的时刻，世界各国的领导人和代表集聚一堂，共同纪念联合国成立60周年，重申我们对恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则的承诺，表达维护世界和平、促进共同发展的决心。这是世界各国人民的共同愿望，也是各国有见识的政治家的共同认识。
联合国的成立，是人类为和平与发展而长期努力的结果。联合国体现了世界各国人民彼此以善邻之道和睦相处的崇高精神，承载了国际社会共同促进经济社会发展的美好理想。６０年的实践证明，联合国的成立是人类历史上一件具有划时代意义的大事，是人类和平进步事业的一座重要里程碑。
60年来，人类社会沧桑巨变，国际舞台风云变幻，联合国也经历了种种考验，走过了不平凡的历程。尽管地区动荡不断、局部冲突时有发生，但各国更加重视对话合作，更加重视谈判解决争端；通过联合国预防和制止武装冲突、维护世界和平日益成为国际社会的普遍诉求。尊重国家主权和领土完整，尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，是联合国宪章的重要原则，也越来越成为不同社会制度、不同发展水平国家互相建立和发展关系的指导原则。尽管世界发展还很不平衡、贫穷和饥饿仍在不少国家肆虐，但国际社会已经制定了减少贫困、促进发展的目标。加强国际合作、促进共同发展，实现互利共赢，是联合国的重要宗旨，也越来越成为各国共同发展繁荣的重要途径。
新的世纪为人类社会发展展现了光明前景。我们既面临着难得的机遇，也面临着严峻的挑战。因种种原因导致的局部战争和中途时起时伏，地区热点问题错综复杂，南北差距进一步拉大，国际恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、极端宗教势力在一些地区还相当活跃，环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国性问题日益突出。人类实现普遍和平、共同发展的理想还任重道远。
在这个机遇和挑战并存的重要历史时期，我们应该不失时机，共同努力，建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。我愿就此发表一下几点意见。
第一，坚持多边主义，实现共同安全。我们要摒弃冷战思维，树立互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，建立公平、有效的集体安全机制。联合国作为集体安全机制的核心，在保障全球安全的国际合作中发挥着不可替代的作用。联合国宪章确定的宗旨原则，对维护世界和平与安全发挥着举足轻重的作用，已经成为公认的国际关系基本准则，必须得到切实遵循。安理会作为联合国维护世界和平与安全的专门机构，其维护世界和平与安全的权威必须得到切实维护。我们应该鼓励和支持以和平方式，通过协商、谈判解决国际争端或冲突，共同反对侵犯别国主管的行径；应该加强反恐合作，坚持标本兼治，重在消除根源；应该按照公正、合理、全面均衡的原则，实现有效裁军和军备控制，防止核扩散，积极推进国际核裁军进程，维护全球战略稳定。
第二，坚持互利合作，实现共同繁荣。发展是管各国人民的切身利益，经济全球化应该使各国特别是广大发展中国家普遍受益，而不应该造成贫者愈贫，富者更富的两极分化。联合国应该采取切实措施，积极推动建立健全开放、公平、非歧视性的多边贸易体制，营造健康有序地贸易环境和稳定高校的金融环境；应该加强全球能源对话和合作，共同维护能源安全和能源市场稳定，为世界经济增长营造充足、安全、经济、清洁的能源环境；应该积极促进和保障人权，努力普及全民教育，实现男女平等，使人人享有平等追求全面发展的机会和权利。
第三，坚持包容精神，共建和谐世界。文明多样性是人类社会的基本特征，也是人类文明进步的重要动力。历史文化、社会制度和发展模式的差异不应该成为各国交流的障碍，更不应该成为相互对抗的理由。 我们应该尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，相互借鉴不是可以排斥，取长补短而不是定于一尊，推动各国根据本国国情实现振兴和发展；努力消除相互的疑虑和隔阂，使人类更加和睦，让世界更加丰富多彩；应该以平等开放的精神，协力构建各种文明兼容并蓄的和谐世界。
第四，坚持积极稳妥方针，推进联合国改革。联合国宪章确立的各项宗旨和原则，符合和平、发展、合作的历史潮流，符合国际关系健康发展的本质要求，符合世界各国人民的根本利益。我们应该通过合理、必要的改革，维护联合国的权威，提高联合国效率，更好地发挥联合国作用，增强联合国应对新威胁、新挑战的能力。联合国改革时全方位、多领域的，因此应该在充分协商、在达成广泛共识的基础上作出决定。
主席先生、各位同事！
我愿在这里重申：中国将坚定不移地高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚定不移地走和平发展的道路，坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，在和平共处五项原则的基础上同世界各国发展友好合作关系。中国将一如既往地遵守联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，积极参与国际事务，履行国际义务，同各国一道推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新次序。
在人类漫长的发展史上，各国人民的命运从未象今天这样紧密相连、休戚与共。共同的目标把我们连结在一起，共同的挑战需要我们团结在一起。让我们携手合作，共同为建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而努力！
谢谢各位。
二、单词与词汇：
１、庄严：solemn
２、在…时刻：at …moment
３、纪念…成立…周年：commemorate the …anniversary of …
4、重申：renew
5、承诺：commitment to
６、宗旨和原则：purposes and principles
７、共同愿望：shared wish
８、有见识的：visionary
9、政治家：statesmen
１０、长期努力：persistent efforts
11、体现了：embody
12、崇高精神：lofty spirit
１３、承载了：carry
１４、具有划时代意义的：epoch-making
１５、里程碑：milestone
16、事业：cause
17、…年来：over the past…years
18、沧桑巨变：stupendous changes
19、风云变幻：vicissitudes
20、经历了：go through
21、种种考验：all kinds of tests
22、地区动荡：regional turmoil
23、局部冲突：local conflicts
24、谈判解决争端：settlement of disputes by negotiation
２５、武装冲突：armed conflicts
２６、普遍诉求：universal pursuit
２７、国际社会：the international community
２８、国家主权：sovereignty
２９、领土完整：territorial integrity
３０、尊重：respect for
３１、指导原则：guiding principle
３２、肆虐：ravage
３３、制定…目标：set out the goal of …
３４、重要途径：important way
35、光明前景：a bright prospect
36、难得的机遇：rare opportunities
37、严峻的挑战：severe challenges
38、时起时伏：keep cropping up
39、错综复杂：complicated and thorny
40、民族分裂势力：ethnic separatists
41、极端宗教势力：religious extremists
42、活跃：rampant
43、毒品走私：drug trafficking
44、跨国犯罪：transnational crimes
４５、传染性疾病：communicable diseases
４６、任重道远：a bumpy and challenging one
４７、持久和平：lasting peace
48、坚持：uphold
49、多边主义：multilateralism
50、摒弃：abandon
51、冷战思维：Cold War mentality
５２、树立：cultivate
５３、互信：mutual trast
54、互利：mutual benefit
55、集体的：collective
56、安全机制：security mechanism
57、核心：core
58、不可替代的：irreplaceable
59、基本准则：basic norms
60、切实的： in real earnest
61、安理会：the Security Council
６２、协商：consultation
６３、谈判：negotiation
６４、侵犯：acts of encroachment
６５、反恐：anti-terrorist
６６、标本：symptoms and roots
67、消除：eliminate
６８、裁军：disarmament
69、军备控制：arms control
70、核扩散：proliferation of nuclear weapons
71、事关：have a bearing on
72、切身利益：vital interest
７３、切实措施：concrete measures
74、非歧视性的：non-discriminatory
75、人权：human rights
76、包容精神：a spirit of inclusiveness
77、文明多样性：diversity of civilizations
７８、基本特征：basic feature
７９、动力：driving force
80、障碍：barrier
81、相互对抗：confrontation
８２、借鉴：emulation
８３、刻意排斥：deliberate exclusion
84、取长补短：for mutual learning of respective strong points
85、定于一尊：make fetish a particular model
86、振兴：rejuvenation
87、国情：national conditions
８８、消除：do away with
８９、疑虑：misgivings
90、隔阂：estrangement
９１、文明兼容并蓄：all civilizations coexist and accommodate each other
92、稳妥地：prudent
93、符合：be consistent with
９４、历史潮流：historic tide of
95、符合：meet the requirements of
96、根本利益：fundamental interests
９７、合理的：rational
98、应对：cope with
９９、全方位的：all-dimensional
100、多领域的：multi-faceted
101、充分协商：full consultation
102、广泛共识：the broadest consensus
１０３、重申：reiterate
104、高举…的旗帜：hold high the banner of
１０５、和平发展道路：the road of peaceful development
106、奉行：pursue
１０７、和平共处五项原则：the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
１０８、履行国际义务：fulfill the international obligations
１０９、紧密相连、休戚与共：closely interconnected with each other in interests and destinies
１１０、团结在一起：get us united
111、携手合作：join hands and work together
三、翻译：
Mr. President,
Distinguished colleagues and representatives,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
At this solemn and important moment, national leaders and representatives from all around the world are gathered here together to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the UN, renewing our commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and expressing our determination to safeguard world peace and promote common development. This is not only the shared wish of people all around the world but also the common understanding of visionary statesmen of all countries.
The UN was founded as a result of humanity’s persistent efforts to seek peace and development. It embodies the lofty spirit of people all over the world to live in harmony with one another as good neighbors. It also carries the ideal of the international community to jointly promote the economic and social development. The 60 years history has shown that the founding of the UN is not only an epoch-making event in human history, but also an important milestone in humanity’s cause of peace and progress.
Over the past 60 years, amid stupendous changes in human society and vicissitudes in the international arena, the UN has also gone through all kinds of tests and traversed an extraordinary course. Though regional turmoil continued and local conflicts took place from time to time, but the countries in the world have accorded greater emphasis to dialogue, cooperation and settlement of disputes by negotiation. Working through the UN to prevent and end armed conflicts and maintain world peace has increasingly become a universal pursuit in the international community. Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, respect for the rights of all countries to independently choose their won social systems and paths of development are not only important principles of the UN Charter, but have increasingly become guiding principles for countries with different social systems and different development levels to establish and develop their relations. In spite of the uneven development level of the world as poverty and hunger still ravage in many countries, the international community has already set out the goal of reducing poverty and promoting common development. The promotion of international cooperation and common development to realize win-win results is not only the important principle of the UN, but has increasingly become the important way for all countries to achieve common development and common prosperity.
The new century has opened up a bright prospect for human society. We are both faced with rare opportunities and severe challenges. Local war and conflicts caused by various reasons keep cropping up, regional hotspot issues remain complicated and thorny, the wealth gap between North and South continues to widen. International terrorists, ethnic separatists and religious extremists in some parts of the world remain rampant. Many cross-boundary problems such as environmental pollution, drug trafficking, transnational crimes and deadly communicable diseases have become more salient. All this has made our road towards universal peace and common development a bumpy and challenging one.
At this important historic period when opportunities and challenges are both present, we should lose no tome and strive hard together to create a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity. I would like to share with you some of my views in this connection.
First, we should uphold multilateralism to realize common security. We should abandon the Cold War mentality, cultivate a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefits, equality and cooperation and build a fair and effective collective security mechanism. As the core of the collective security mechanism, the UN has played an irreplaceable role in international cooperation to maintain global security. The purposes and principles of the UN Charter are crucial to safeguarding world peace and security. They have been widely recognized as the basic norms of international relations and should be complied with in real earnest. As the special agency of the UN, the Security Council must be given its authority to carry out it mandate. We should encourage and support efforts to peacefully settle international disputes or conflicts through consultations and negotiations. We should all oppose acts of encroachment on other countries’ sovereignty. We should strengthen anti-terrorist cooperation, working to address both symptoms and root caused of the problem with special emphasis on eliminating the sources of the menace. We should realize effective disarmament and arms control in a fair, rational, comprehensive and balanced fashion, prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, vigorously promote the international nuclear disarmament and safeguard global strategic stability.
Second, we should uphold mutually beneficial cooperation to achieve common prosperity. Development has a bearing on the vital interest of the people in all countries. The economic globalization should benefit all countries, developing countries in particular, instead of leading to a polarized world where the poor become poorer and rich richer. The UN should take concrete measures and work actively to establish a multilateral trading system that is open, fair and non-discriminatory and set up a healthy and orderly trading environment and a stable and efficient financial environment. The UN should strengthen the worldwide energy dialogue and cooperation, jointly safeguard energy security and energy market stability to ensure a well-supplied, secure, cost-effective and clean energy environment conducive to global economic growth. The UN should actively promote and protect human rights, make universal education available and achieve gender equality to ensure the enjoyment of equal right and opportunity to all-around development by all.
Third, we should uphold a spirit of inclusiveness to build a harmonious world together. Diversity of civilizations is a basic feature of human society and important driving force of human progress. Differences in history, culture, social system and mode of development should not become barriers between countries, let alone excuses for confrontation. We should respect every country’s right to independently choose its own social system and path of development, encourage countries to go for mutual emulation instead of deliberate exclusion, for mutual learning of respective strong points instead of making fetish a particular model, thus succeeding in promoting their rejuvenation and development in line with their national conditions. We should struggle to do away with misgivings and estrangement between civilizations to make humanity more harmonious and our world more diversified and colorful. We should endeavor, in the spirit of equality and openness, to jointly build a harmonious world where all civilizations coexist and accommodate each other.
Fourth, we should uphold an active and prudent policy to promote the reform of the UN. The purposes and principles of the UN Charter are consistent with the historic tide of peace, development and cooperation. They also meet the requirements of the sound international relations and serve the fundamental interests of the people all around the world. We should carry out rational and necessary reform to maintain the authority of the UN, improve its efficiency and give a better scope to its role. The reform of the UN is all-dimensional and multi-faceted, it should allow full consultations before any decision is made on the basis of the broadest consensus.
Mr. President, Distinguished Colleagues,
I would like to reiterate here what China stands for. We will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, unswervingly follow the road of peaceful development, firmly pursue the independent foreign policy of peace, and dedicate ourselves to developing the friendly relations with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China will, as always, abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, actively participate in the international affairs, fulfill the international obligations and work with other countries in building a new political and economic order that is fair and rational.
Throughout the long history, human communities have never been so closely interconnected with each other in interests and destinies. Our common goals have put us in the same boat, the common challenges we face require that we get united. Let us join hands and work together in building a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.
Thank you.
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